stdlib.h

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//
// stdlib.h
//
//      Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//
// The C Standard Library <stdlib.h> header.
//
#pragma once
#define _INC_STDLIB

#include <corecrt.h>
#include <corecrt_malloc.h>
#include <corecrt_search.h>
#include <corecrt_wstdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>

_CRT_BEGIN_C_HEADER



#ifndef _countof
    #define _countof __crt_countof
#endif



// Minimum and maximum macros
#define __max(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#define __min(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))



_ACRTIMP void __cdecl _swab(
    _Inout_updates_(_SizeInBytes) _Post_readable_size_(_SizeInBytes) char* _Buf1,
    _Inout_updates_(_SizeInBytes) _Post_readable_size_(_SizeInBytes) char* _Buf2,
    _In_                                                             int   _SizeInBytes
    );



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Exit and Abort
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// Argument values for exit()
#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
#define EXIT_FAILURE 1

#if _CRT_FUNCTIONS_REQUIRED
    _ACRTIMP __declspec(noreturn) void __cdecl exit(_In_ int _Code);
    _ACRTIMP __declspec(noreturn) void __cdecl _exit(_In_ int _Code);
    _ACRTIMP __declspec(noreturn) void __cdecl _Exit(_In_ int _Code);
    _ACRTIMP __declspec(noreturn) void __cdecl quick_exit(_In_ int _Code);
    _ACRTIMP __declspec(noreturn) void __cdecl abort(void);
#endif // _CRT_FUNCTIONS_REQUIRED

// Argument values for _set_abort_behavior().
#define _WRITE_ABORT_MSG  0x1 // debug only, has no effect in release
#define _CALL_REPORTFAULT 0x2

_ACRTIMP unsigned int __cdecl _set_abort_behavior(
    _In_ unsigned int _Flags,
    _In_ unsigned int _Mask
    );



#ifndef _CRT_ONEXIT_T_DEFINED
    #define _CRT_ONEXIT_T_DEFINED

    typedef int (__CRTDECL* _onexit_t)(void);
    #ifdef _M_CEE
        typedef int (__clrcall* _onexit_m_t)(void);
    #endif
#endif

#if _CRT_INTERNAL_NONSTDC_NAMES
    // Non-ANSI name for compatibility
    #define onexit_t _onexit_t
#endif



#ifdef _M_CEE
    #pragma warning (push)
    #pragma warning (disable: 4985)

    _Check_return_ int __clrcall _atexit_m_appdomain(_In_opt_ void (__clrcall* _Function)(void));

    _onexit_m_t __clrcall _onexit_m_appdomain(_onexit_m_t _Function);

    #ifdef _M_CEE_MIXED
        #ifdef __cplusplus
        [System::Security::SecurityCritical]
        #endif
        _Check_return_ int __clrcall _atexit_m(_In_opt_ void (__clrcall* _Function)(void));

        _onexit_m_t __clrcall _onexit_m(_onexit_m_t _Function);
    #else
        #ifdef __cplusplus
        [System::Security::SecurityCritical]
        #endif
        _Check_return_ inline int __clrcall _atexit_m(_In_opt_ void (__clrcall* _Function)(void))
        {
            return _atexit_m_appdomain(_Function);
        }

        inline _onexit_m_t __clrcall _onexit_m(_onexit_t _Function)
        {
            return _onexit_m_appdomain(_Function);
        }
    #endif
    #pragma warning (pop)
#endif



#ifdef _M_CEE_PURE
    // In pure mode, atexit is the same as atexit_m_appdomain
    extern "C++"
    {

    #ifdef __cplusplus
    [System::Security::SecurityCritical]
    #endif
    inline  int __clrcall atexit(void (__clrcall* _Function)(void))
    {
        return _atexit_m_appdomain(_Function);
    }

    inline _onexit_t __clrcall _onexit(_onexit_t _Function)
    {
        return _onexit_m_appdomain(_Function);
    }

    } // extern "C++"
#else
    int       __cdecl atexit(void (__cdecl*)(void));
    _onexit_t __cdecl _onexit(_In_opt_ _onexit_t _Func);
#endif

int __cdecl at_quick_exit(void (__cdecl*)(void));



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Global State (errno, global handlers, etc.)
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
    // a purecall handler procedure. Never returns normally
    typedef void (__cdecl* _purecall_handler)(void);

    // Invalid parameter handler function pointer type
    typedef void (__cdecl* _invalid_parameter_handler)(
        wchar_t const*,
        wchar_t const*,
        wchar_t const*,
        unsigned int,
        uintptr_t
        );

    // Establishes a purecall handler
    _VCRTIMP _purecall_handler __cdecl _set_purecall_handler(
        _In_opt_ _purecall_handler _Handler
        );

    _VCRTIMP _purecall_handler __cdecl _get_purecall_handler(void);

    // Establishes an invalid parameter handler
    _ACRTIMP _invalid_parameter_handler __cdecl _set_invalid_parameter_handler(
        _In_opt_ _invalid_parameter_handler _Handler
        );

    _ACRTIMP _invalid_parameter_handler __cdecl _get_invalid_parameter_handler(void);

    _ACRTIMP _invalid_parameter_handler __cdecl _set_thread_local_invalid_parameter_handler(
        _In_opt_ _invalid_parameter_handler _Handler
        );

    _ACRTIMP _invalid_parameter_handler __cdecl _get_thread_local_invalid_parameter_handler(void);
#endif


#if defined __cplusplus && defined _M_CEE_PURE
extern "C++"
{
    typedef void (__clrcall* _purecall_handler)(void);
    typedef _purecall_handler _purecall_handler_m;

    _MRTIMP _purecall_handler __cdecl _set_purecall_handler(
        _In_opt_ _purecall_handler _Handler
        );
} // extern "C++"
#endif



// Argument values for _set_error_mode().
#define _OUT_TO_DEFAULT 0
#define _OUT_TO_STDERR  1
#define _OUT_TO_MSGBOX  2
#define _REPORT_ERRMODE 3

_Check_return_opt_ _ACRTIMP int __cdecl _set_error_mode(_In_ int _Mode);



#if _CRT_FUNCTIONS_REQUIRED
    _ACRTIMP int* __cdecl _errno(void);
    #define errno (*_errno())

    _ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _set_errno(_In_ int _Value);
    _ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _get_errno(_Out_ int* _Value);

    _ACRTIMP unsigned long* __cdecl __doserrno(void);
    #define _doserrno (*__doserrno())

    _ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _set_doserrno(_In_ unsigned long _Value);
    _ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _get_doserrno(_Out_ unsigned long * _Value);

    // This is non-const for backwards compatibility; do not modify it.
    _ACRTIMP _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(strerror) char** __cdecl __sys_errlist(void);
    #define _sys_errlist (__sys_errlist())

    _ACRTIMP _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(strerror) int * __cdecl __sys_nerr(void);
    #define _sys_nerr (*__sys_nerr())

    _ACRTIMP void __cdecl perror(_In_opt_z_ char const* _ErrMsg);
#endif // _CRT_FUNCTIONS_REQUIRED



// These point to the executable module name.
_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE_GLOBALS(_get_pgmptr ) _ACRTIMP char**    __cdecl __p__pgmptr (void);
_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE_GLOBALS(_get_wpgmptr) _ACRTIMP wchar_t** __cdecl __p__wpgmptr(void);
_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE_GLOBALS(_get_fmode  ) _ACRTIMP int*      __cdecl __p__fmode  (void);

#ifdef _CRT_DECLARE_GLOBAL_VARIABLES_DIRECTLY
    _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE_GLOBALS(_get_pgmptr ) extern char*    _pgmptr;
    _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE_GLOBALS(_get_wpgmptr) extern wchar_t* _wpgmptr;
    #ifndef _CORECRT_BUILD
        _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE_GLOBALS(_get_fmode  ) extern int      _fmode;
    #endif
#else
    #define _pgmptr  (*__p__pgmptr ())
    #define _wpgmptr (*__p__wpgmptr())
    #define _fmode   (*__p__fmode  ())
#endif

_Success_(return == 0)
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _get_pgmptr (_Outptr_result_z_ char**    _Value);

_Success_(return == 0)
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _get_wpgmptr(_Outptr_result_z_ wchar_t** _Value);

_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _set_fmode  (_In_              int       _Mode );

_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _get_fmode  (_Out_             int*      _PMode);



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Math
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
typedef struct _div_t
{
    int quot;
    int rem;
} div_t;

typedef struct _ldiv_t
{
    long quot;
    long rem;
} ldiv_t;

typedef struct _lldiv_t
{
    long long quot;
    long long rem;
} lldiv_t;

_Check_return_ int       __cdecl abs   (_In_ int       _Number);
_Check_return_ long      __cdecl labs  (_In_ long      _Number);
_Check_return_ long long __cdecl llabs (_In_ long long _Number);
_Check_return_ __int64   __cdecl _abs64(_In_ __int64   _Number);

_Check_return_ unsigned short   __cdecl _byteswap_ushort(_In_ unsigned short   _Number);
_Check_return_ unsigned long    __cdecl _byteswap_ulong (_In_ unsigned long    _Number);
_Check_return_ unsigned __int64 __cdecl _byteswap_uint64(_In_ unsigned __int64 _Number);

_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP div_t   __cdecl div  (_In_ int       _Numerator, _In_ int       _Denominator);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP ldiv_t  __cdecl ldiv (_In_ long      _Numerator, _In_ long      _Denominator);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP lldiv_t __cdecl lldiv(_In_ long long _Numerator, _In_ long long _Denominator);

// These functions have declspecs in their declarations in the Windows headers,
// which cause PREfast to fire 6540.
#pragma warning (push)
#pragma warning (disable:6540)

unsigned int __cdecl _rotl(
    _In_ unsigned int _Value,
    _In_ int          _Shift
    );

_Check_return_
unsigned long __cdecl _lrotl(
    _In_ unsigned long _Value,
    _In_ int           _Shift
    );

unsigned __int64 __cdecl _rotl64(
    _In_ unsigned __int64 _Value,
    _In_ int              _Shift
    );

unsigned int __cdecl _rotr(
    _In_ unsigned int _Value,
    _In_ int          _Shift
    );

_Check_return_
unsigned long __cdecl _lrotr(
    _In_ unsigned long _Value,
    _In_ int           _Shift
    );

unsigned __int64 __cdecl _rotr64(
    _In_ unsigned __int64 _Value,
    _In_ int              _Shift
    );

#pragma warning (pop)



// Maximum value that can be returned by the rand function:
#define RAND_MAX 0x7fff

_ACRTIMP void __cdecl srand(_In_ unsigned int _Seed);

_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP int __cdecl rand(void);

#if defined _CRT_RAND_S || defined _CRTBLD
    _ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl rand_s(_Out_ unsigned int* _RandomValue);
#endif



#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C++"
{
    inline long abs(long const _X) throw()
    {
        return labs(_X);
    }

    inline long long abs(long long const _X) throw()
    {
        return llabs(_X);
    }

    inline ldiv_t div(long const _A1, long const _A2) throw()
    {
        return ldiv(_A1, _A2);
    }

    inline lldiv_t div(long long const _A1, long long const _A2) throw()
    {
        return lldiv(_A1, _A2);
    }
}
#endif // __cplusplus




// Structs used to fool the compiler into not generating floating point
// instructions when copying and pushing [long] double values
#define _CRT_DOUBLE_DEC

#ifndef _LDSUPPORT

    #pragma pack(push, 4)
    typedef struct
    {
        unsigned char ld[10];
    } _LDOUBLE;
    #pragma pack(pop)

    #define _PTR_LD(x) ((unsigned char*)(&(x)->ld))

#else // _LDSUPPORT

    // push and pop long, which is #defined as __int64 by a spec2k test
    #pragma push_macro("long")
    #undef long
    typedef long double _LDOUBLE;
    #pragma pop_macro("long")

    #define _PTR_LD(x) ((unsigned char  *)(x))

#endif // _LDSUPPORT

typedef struct
{
    double x;
} _CRT_DOUBLE;

typedef struct
{
    float f;
} _CRT_FLOAT;

// push and pop long, which is #defined as __int64 by a spec2k test
#pragma push_macro("long")
#undef long

typedef struct
{
    long double x;
} _LONGDOUBLE;

#pragma pop_macro("long")

#pragma pack(push, 4)
typedef struct
{
    unsigned char ld12[12];
} _LDBL12;
#pragma pack(pop)



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Narrow String to Number Conversions
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
_Check_return_                    _ACRTIMP double    __cdecl atof   (_In_z_ char const* _String);
_Check_return_ _CRT_JIT_INTRINSIC _ACRTIMP int       __cdecl atoi   (_In_z_ char const* _String);
_Check_return_                    _ACRTIMP long      __cdecl atol   (_In_z_ char const* _String);
_Check_return_                    _ACRTIMP long long __cdecl atoll  (_In_z_ char const* _String);
_Check_return_                    _ACRTIMP __int64   __cdecl _atoi64(_In_z_ char const* _String);

_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP double    __cdecl _atof_l  (_In_z_ char const* _String, _In_opt_ _locale_t _Locale);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP int       __cdecl _atoi_l  (_In_z_ char const* _String, _In_opt_ _locale_t _Locale);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP long      __cdecl _atol_l  (_In_z_ char const* _String, _In_opt_ _locale_t _Locale);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP long long __cdecl _atoll_l (_In_z_ char const* _String, _In_opt_ _locale_t _Locale);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP __int64   __cdecl _atoi64_l(_In_z_ char const* _String, _In_opt_ _locale_t _Locale);

_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP int __cdecl _atoflt (_Out_ _CRT_FLOAT*  _Result, _In_z_ char const* _String);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP int __cdecl _atodbl (_Out_ _CRT_DOUBLE* _Result, _In_z_ char*       _String);
_Check_return_ _ACRTIMP int __cdecl _atoldbl(_Out_ _LDOUBLE*    _Result, _In_z_ char*       _String);

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl _atoflt_l(
    _Out_    _CRT_FLOAT* _Result,
    _In_z_   char const* _String,
    _In_opt_ _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl _atodbl_l(
    _Out_    _CRT_DOUBLE* _Result,
    _In_z_   char*        _String,
    _In_opt_ _locale_t    _Locale
    );


_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl _atoldbl_l(
    _Out_    _LDOUBLE* _Result,
    _In_z_   char*     _String,
    _In_opt_ _locale_t _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP float __cdecl strtof(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP float __cdecl _strtof_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP double __cdecl strtod(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP double __cdecl _strtod_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP long double __cdecl strtold(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP long double __cdecl _strtold_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP long __cdecl strtol(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP long __cdecl _strtol_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP long long __cdecl strtoll(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP long long __cdecl _strtoll_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP unsigned long __cdecl strtoul(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP unsigned long __cdecl _strtoul_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP unsigned long long __cdecl strtoull(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP unsigned long long __cdecl _strtoull_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP __int64 __cdecl _strtoi64(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP __int64 __cdecl _strtoi64_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP unsigned __int64 __cdecl _strtoui64(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP unsigned __int64 __cdecl _strtoui64_l(
    _In_z_                   char const* _String,
    _Out_opt_ _Deref_post_z_ char**      _EndPtr,
    _In_                     int         _Radix,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t   _Locale
    );



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Number to Narrow String Conversions
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _itoa_s(
    _In_                         int    _Value,
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*  _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t _BufferCount,
    _In_                         int    _Radix
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_1(
    _Success_(return == 0)
    errno_t, _itoa_s,
    _In_ int,  _Value,
         char, _Buffer,
    _In_ int,  _Radix
    )

#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 28719) // __WARNING_BANNED_API_USAGE
#pragma warning(disable: 28726) // __WARNING_BANNED_API_USAGEL2
__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_FUNC_1_1(
    char*, __RETURN_POLICY_DST, _ACRTIMP, _itoa,
    _In_                    int,  _Value,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_, char, _Buffer,
    _In_                    int,  _Radix
    )
#pragma warning(pop)

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _ltoa_s(
    _In_                         long   _Value,
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*  _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t _BufferCount,
    _In_                         int    _Radix
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_1(
    errno_t, _ltoa_s,
    _In_ long, _Value,
         char, _Buffer,
    _In_ int,  _Radix
    )

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_FUNC_1_1(
    char*, __RETURN_POLICY_DST, _ACRTIMP, _ltoa,
    _In_                    long, _Value,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_, char, _Buffer,
    _In_                    int,  _Radix
    )

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _ultoa_s(
    _In_                         unsigned long _Value,
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*         _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t        _BufferCount,
    _In_                         int           _Radix
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_1(
    errno_t, _ultoa_s,
    _In_ unsigned long, _Value,
         char,          _Buffer,
    _In_ int,           _Radix
    )

#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 28726) // __WARNING_BANNED_API_USAGEL2
__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_FUNC_1_1(
    char*, __RETURN_POLICY_DST, _ACRTIMP, _ultoa,
    _In_                    unsigned long, _Value,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_, char,          _Buffer,
    _In_                    int,           _Radix
    )
#pragma warning(pop)

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _i64toa_s(
    _In_                         __int64 _Value,
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*   _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t  _BufferCount,
    _In_                         int     _Radix
    );

_Success_(return == 0)
_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_i64toa_s)
_ACRTIMP char* __cdecl _i64toa(
    _In_                   __int64 _Value,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char*   _Buffer,
    _In_                   int     _Radix
    );

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _ui64toa_s(
    _In_                         unsigned __int64 _Value,
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*            _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t           _BufferCount,
    _In_                         int              _Radix
    );

_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_ui64toa_s)
_ACRTIMP char* __cdecl _ui64toa(
    _In_                   unsigned __int64 _Value,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char*            _Buffer,
    _In_                   int              _Radix
    );



// _CVTBUFSIZE is the maximum size for the per-thread conversion buffer.  It
// should be at least as long as the number of digits in the largest double
// precision value (?.?e308 in IEEE arithmetic).  We will use the same size
// buffer as is used in the printf support routines.
//
// (This value actually allows 40 additional decimal places; even though there
// are only 16 digits of accuracy in a double precision IEEE number, the user may
// ask for more to effect zero padding.)
#define _CVTBUFSIZE (309 + 40) // # of digits in max. dp value + slop

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _ecvt_s(
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char* _Buffer,
    _In_  size_t                       _BufferCount,
    _In_  double                       _Value,
    _In_  int                          _DigitCount,
    _Out_ int*                         _PtDec,
    _Out_ int*                         _PtSign
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_0_4(
    errno_t, _ecvt_s,
          char,   _Buffer,
    _In_  double, _Value,
    _In_  int,    _DigitCount,
    _Out_ int*,   _PtDec,
    _Out_ int*,   _PtSign
    )

_Check_return_ _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_ecvt_s)
_ACRTIMP char* __cdecl _ecvt(
    _In_  double _Value,
    _In_  int    _DigitCount,
    _Out_ int*   _PtDec,
    _Out_ int*   _PtSign
    );

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _fcvt_s(
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*  _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t _BufferCount,
    _In_                         double _Value,
    _In_                         int    _FractionalDigitCount,
    _Out_                        int*   _PtDec,
    _Out_                        int*   _PtSign
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_0_4(
    _Success_(return == 0)
    errno_t, _fcvt_s,
          char,   _Buffer,
    _In_  double, _Value,
    _In_  int,    _FractionalDigitCount,
    _Out_ int*,   _PtDec,
    _Out_ int*,   _PtSign
    )

_Success_(return == 0)
_Check_return_ _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_fcvt_s)
_ACRTIMP char* __cdecl _fcvt(
    _In_  double _Value,
    _In_  int    _FractionalDigitCount,
    _Out_ int*   _PtDec,
    _Out_ int*   _PtSign
    );

_Success_(return == 0)
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _gcvt_s(
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*  _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t _BufferCount,
    _In_                         double _Value,
    _In_                         int    _DigitCount
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_0_2(
    _Success_(return == 0)
    errno_t, _gcvt_s,
         char,   _Buffer,
    _In_ double, _Value,
    _In_ int,    _DigitCount
    )

_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_gcvt_s)
_ACRTIMP char* __cdecl _gcvt(
    _In_                   double _Value,
    _In_                   int    _DigitCount,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char*  _Buffer
    );



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Multibyte String Operations and Conversions
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// Maximum number of bytes in multi-byte character in the current locale
// (also defined in ctype.h).
#ifndef MB_CUR_MAX
    #if defined _CRT_DISABLE_PERFCRIT_LOCKS && !defined _DLL
        #define MB_CUR_MAX __mb_cur_max
    #else
        #define MB_CUR_MAX ___mb_cur_max_func()
    #endif

    #ifdef _CRT_DECLARE_GLOBAL_VARIABLES_DIRECTLY
        extern int __mb_cur_max;
    #else
        #define __mb_cur_max (___mb_cur_max_func())
    #endif

    _Post_satisfies_(return > 0 && return < MB_LEN_MAX)
    _ACRTIMP int __cdecl ___mb_cur_max_func(void);

    _Post_satisfies_(return > 0 && return < MB_LEN_MAX)
    _ACRTIMP int __cdecl ___mb_cur_max_l_func(_locale_t _Locale);
#endif



_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl mblen(
    _In_reads_bytes_opt_(_MaxCount) _Pre_opt_z_ char const* _Ch,
    _In_                                        size_t      _MaxCount
    );

_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl _mblen_l(
    _In_reads_bytes_opt_(_MaxCount) _Pre_opt_z_ char const* _Ch,
    _In_                                        size_t      _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_                                    _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_Post_satisfies_(return <= _String_length_(_String))
_ACRTIMP size_t __cdecl _mbstrlen(
    _In_z_ char const* _String
    );

_Check_return_
_Post_satisfies_(return <= _String_length_(_String) || return == (size_t)-1)
_ACRTIMP size_t __cdecl _mbstrlen_l(
    _In_z_   char const* _String,
    _In_opt_ _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_
_Post_satisfies_((return <= _String_length_(_String) && return <= _MaxCount) || return == (size_t)-1)
_ACRTIMP size_t __cdecl _mbstrnlen(
    _In_z_ char const* _String,
    _In_   size_t      _MaxCount
    );

_Post_satisfies_((return <= _String_length_(_String) && return <= _MaxCount) || return == (size_t)-1)
_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP size_t __cdecl _mbstrnlen_l(
    _In_z_   char const* _String,
    _In_     size_t      _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_ _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Success_(return != -1)
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl mbtowc(
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_               wchar_t*    _DstCh,
    _In_reads_or_z_opt_(_SrcSizeInBytes) char const* _SrcCh,
    _In_                                 size_t      _SrcSizeInBytes
    );

_Success_(return != -1)
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl _mbtowc_l(
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_               wchar_t*    _DstCh,
    _In_reads_or_z_opt_(_SrcSizeInBytes) char const* _SrcCh,
    _In_                                 size_t      _SrcSizeInBytes,
    _In_opt_                             _locale_t   _Locale
    );

_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl mbstowcs_s(
    _Out_opt_                                                 size_t*     _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Out_writes_to_opt_(_SizeInWords, *_PtNumOfCharConverted) wchar_t*    _DstBuf,
    _In_                                                      size_t      _SizeInWords,
    _In_reads_or_z_(_MaxCount)                                char const* _SrcBuf,
    _In_                                                      size_t      _MaxCount
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_2(
    errno_t, mbstowcs_s,
    _Out_opt_ size_t*,     _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Post_z_  wchar_t,     _Dest,
    _In_z_    char const*, _Source,
    _In_      size_t,      _MaxCount
    )

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_NFUNC_0_2_SIZE(
    _ACRTIMP, mbstowcs,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_MaxCount), wchar_t,     _Dest,
    _In_z_                         char const*, _Source,
    _In_                           size_t,      _MaxCount
    )

_Check_return_opt_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _mbstowcs_s_l(
    _Out_opt_                                                 size_t*     _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Out_writes_to_opt_(_SizeInWords, *_PtNumOfCharConverted) wchar_t*    _DstBuf,
    _In_                                                      size_t      _SizeInWords,
    _In_reads_or_z_(_MaxCount)                                char const* _SrcBuf,
    _In_                                                      size_t      _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_                                                  _locale_t   _Locale
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_3(
    errno_t, _mbstowcs_s_l,
    _Out_opt_ size_t*,     _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Post_z_  wchar_t,     _Dest,
    _In_z_    char const*, _Source,
    _In_      size_t,      _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_  _locale_t,   _Locale
    )

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_NFUNC_0_3_SIZE_EX(
    _ACRTIMP, _mbstowcs_l, _mbstowcs_s_l,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_Size)  wchar_t,
    _Out_writes_z_(_MaxCount), wchar_t,     _Dest,
    _In_z_                     char const*, _Source,
    _In_                       size_t,      _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_                   _locale_t,   _Locale
    )




_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(wctomb_s)
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl wctomb(
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(MB_LEN_MAX) char*   _MbCh,
    _In_                           wchar_t _WCh
    );

_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_wctomb_s_l)
_ACRTIMP int __cdecl _wctomb_l(
    _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char*     _MbCh,
    _In_                     wchar_t   _WCh,
    _In_opt_                 _locale_t _Locale
    );

#if __STDC_WANT_SECURE_LIB__

    _Check_return_wat_
    _ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl wctomb_s(
        _Out_opt_                                                int*    _SizeConverted,
        _Out_writes_bytes_to_opt_(_SizeInBytes, *_SizeConverted) char*   _MbCh,
        _In_                                                     rsize_t _SizeInBytes,
        _In_                                                     wchar_t _WCh
        );

#endif // __STDC_WANT_SECURE_LIB__

_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _wctomb_s_l(
    _Out_opt_                        int*     _SizeConverted,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_SizeInBytes) char*     _MbCh,
    _In_                             size_t    _SizeInBytes,
    _In_                             wchar_t   _WCh,
    _In_opt_                         _locale_t _Locale);

_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl wcstombs_s(
    _Out_opt_                                                          size_t*        _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Out_writes_bytes_to_opt_(_DstSizeInBytes, *_PtNumOfCharConverted) char*          _Dst,
    _In_                                                               size_t         _DstSizeInBytes,
    _In_z_                                                             wchar_t const* _Src,
    _In_                                                               size_t         _MaxCountInBytes
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_2(
    errno_t, wcstombs_s,
    _Out_opt_                     size_t*,        _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Out_writes_bytes_opt_(_Size) char,           _Dest,
    _In_z_                        wchar_t const*, _Source,
    _In_                          size_t,         _MaxCount
    )

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_NFUNC_0_2_SIZE(
    _ACRTIMP, wcstombs,
    _Out_writes_opt_(_MaxCount),   char,           _Dest,
    _In_z_                         wchar_t const*, _Source,
    _In_                           size_t,         _MaxCount
    )

_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _wcstombs_s_l(
    _Out_opt_                                                          size_t*        _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Out_writes_bytes_to_opt_(_DstSizeInBytes, *_PtNumOfCharConverted) char*          _Dst,
    _In_                                                               size_t         _DstSizeInBytes,
    _In_z_                                                             wchar_t const* _Src,
    _In_                                                               size_t         _MaxCountInBytes,
    _In_opt_                                                           _locale_t      _Locale
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_3(
    errno_t, _wcstombs_s_l,
    _Out_opt_               size_t*,        _PtNumOfCharConverted,
    _Out_writes_opt_(_Size) char,           _Dest,
    _In_z_                  wchar_t const*, _Source,
    _In_                    size_t,         _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_                _locale_t,      _Locale
    )

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_NFUNC_0_3_SIZE_EX(
    _ACRTIMP, _wcstombs_l, _wcstombs_s_l,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_Size)  char,
    _Out_writes_(_MaxCount),   char,           _Dest,
    _In_z_                     wchar_t const*, _Source,
    _In_                       size_t,         _MaxCount,
    _In_opt_                   _locale_t,      _Locale
    )



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Path Manipulation
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// Sizes for buffers used by the _makepath() and _splitpath() functions.
// note that the sizes include space for 0-terminator
#define _MAX_PATH   260 // max. length of full pathname
#define _MAX_DRIVE  3   // max. length of drive component
#define _MAX_DIR    256 // max. length of path component
#define _MAX_FNAME  256 // max. length of file name component
#define _MAX_EXT    256 // max. length of extension component


#pragma push_macro("_fullpath")
#undef _fullpath

_Success_(return != 0)
_Check_return_
_ACRTIMP _CRTALLOCATOR char* __cdecl _fullpath(
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_BufferCount) char*       _Buffer,
    _In_z_                           char const* _Path,
    _In_                             size_t      _BufferCount
    );

#pragma pop_macro("_fullpath")

_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _makepath_s(
    _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*       _Buffer,
    _In_                         size_t      _BufferCount,
    _In_opt_z_                   char const* _Drive,
    _In_opt_z_                   char const* _Dir,
    _In_opt_z_                   char const* _Filename,
    _In_opt_z_                   char const* _Ext
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_0_4(
    errno_t, _makepath_s,
               char,        _Buffer,
    _In_opt_z_ char const*, _Drive,
    _In_opt_z_ char const*, _Dir,
    _In_opt_z_ char const*, _Filename,
    _In_opt_z_ char const*, _Ext
    )

#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 28719) // __WARNING_BANNED_API_USAGE
#pragma warning(disable: 28726) // __WARNING_BANNED_API_USAGEL2
__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_FUNC_0_4(
    void, __RETURN_POLICY_VOID, _ACRTIMP, _makepath,
    _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_, char,        _Buffer,
    _In_opt_z_              char const*, _Drive,
    _In_opt_z_              char const*, _Dir,
    _In_opt_z_              char const*, _Filename,
    _In_opt_z_              char const*, _Ext
    )
#pragma warning(pop)

_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_splitpath_s)
_ACRTIMP void __cdecl _splitpath(
    _In_z_                   char const* _FullPath,
    _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char*       _Drive,
    _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char*       _Dir,
    _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char*       _Filename,
    _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char*       _Ext
    );

_Check_return_wat_
_ACRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _splitpath_s(
    _In_z_                             char const* _FullPath,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_DriveCount)    char*       _Drive,
    _In_                               size_t      _DriveCount,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_DirCount)      char*       _Dir,
    _In_                               size_t      _DirCount,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_FilenameCount) char*       _Filename,
    _In_                               size_t      _FilenameCount,
    _Out_writes_opt_z_(_ExtCount)      char*       _Ext,
    _In_                               size_t      _ExtCount
    );

__DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_SPLITPATH(errno_t, _splitpath_s, char, _Dest)



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// APIs Only Available in Desktop Apps
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
#ifdef _CRT_USE_WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP

    #if __STDC_WANT_SECURE_LIB__

    _Check_return_opt_
    _Success_(return == 0)
    _DCRTIMP errno_t __cdecl getenv_s(
        _Out_                            size_t*     _RequiredCount,
        _Out_writes_opt_z_(_BufferCount) char*       _Buffer,
        _In_                             rsize_t     _BufferCount,
        _In_z_                           char const* _VarName
        );

    #endif // __STDC_WANT_SECURE_LIB__




    _ACRTIMP int*       __cdecl __p___argc (void);
    _ACRTIMP char***    __cdecl __p___argv (void);
    _ACRTIMP wchar_t*** __cdecl __p___wargv(void);

    #ifdef _CRT_DECLARE_GLOBAL_VARIABLES_DIRECTLY
        extern int       __argc;
        extern char**    __argv;
        extern wchar_t** __wargv;
    #else
        #define __argc  (*__p___argc())  // Pointer to number of command line arguments
        #define __argv  (*__p___argv())  // Pointer to table of narrow command line arguments
        #define __wargv (*__p___wargv()) // Pointer to table of wide command line arguments
    #endif

    _DCRTIMP char***    __cdecl __p__environ (void);
    _DCRTIMP wchar_t*** __cdecl __p__wenviron(void);

    #ifndef _CRT_BEST_PRACTICES_USAGE
        #define _CRT_V12_LEGACY_FUNCTIONALITY
    #endif

    #ifndef _CRT_V12_LEGACY_FUNCTIONALITY
        // Deprecated symbol: Do not expose environment global pointers unless
        // legacy access is specifically requested
        #define _environ    crt_usage_error__do_not_reference_global_pointer_directly__environ
        #define _wenviron   crt_usage_error__do_not_reference_global_pointer_directly__wenviron
    #else
        #define _environ  (*__p__environ())  // Pointer to narrow environment table
        #define _wenviron (*__p__wenviron()) // Pointer to wide environment table
    #endif



    // Sizes for buffers used by the getenv/putenv family of functions.
    #define _MAX_ENV 32767


    #if _CRT_FUNCTIONS_REQUIRED

        _Check_return_ _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_dupenv_s)
        _DCRTIMP char* __cdecl getenv(
            _In_z_ char const* _VarName
            );

        __DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_1_1(
            errno_t, getenv_s,
            _Out_  size_t*,     _RequiredCount,
                   char,        _Buffer,
            _In_z_ char const*, _VarName
            )

        #if defined (_DEBUG) && defined (_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC)
            #pragma push_macro("_dupenv_s")
            #undef _dupenv_s
        #endif

        _Check_return_opt_
        _DCRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _dupenv_s(
            _Outptr_result_buffer_maybenull_(*_BufferCount) _Outptr_result_maybenull_z_ char**      _Buffer,
            _Out_opt_                                                                   size_t*     _BufferCount,
            _In_z_                                                                      char const* _VarName
            );

        #if defined (_DEBUG) && defined (_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC)
            #pragma pop_macro("_dupenv_s")
        #endif

        _DCRTIMP int __cdecl system(
            _In_opt_z_ char const* _Command
            );

        // The functions below have declspecs in their declarations in the Windows
        // headers, causing PREfast to fire 6540 here
        #pragma warning (push)
        #pragma warning (disable:6540)

        _Check_return_
        _DCRTIMP int __cdecl _putenv(
            _In_z_ char const* _EnvString
            );

        _Check_return_wat_
        _DCRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _putenv_s(
            _In_z_ char const* _Name,
            _In_z_ char const* _Value
            );

        #pragma warning (pop)

        _DCRTIMP errno_t __cdecl _searchenv_s(
            _In_z_                       char const* _Filename,
            _In_z_                       char const* _VarName,
            _Out_writes_z_(_BufferCount) char*       _Buffer,
            _In_                         size_t      _BufferCount
            );

        __DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_SECURE_FUNC_2_0(
            errno_t, _searchenv_s,
            _In_z_ char const*, _Filename,
            _In_z_ char const*, _VarName,
                   char,        _Buffer
            )

        __DEFINE_CPP_OVERLOAD_STANDARD_FUNC_2_0(
            void, __RETURN_POLICY_VOID, _DCRTIMP, _searchenv,
            _In_z_                  char const*, _Filename,
            _In_z_                  char const*, _VarName,
            _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_, char,        _Buffer
            )

        // The Win32 API SetErrorMode, Beep and Sleep should be used instead.
        _CRT_OBSOLETE(SetErrorMode)
        _DCRTIMP void __cdecl _seterrormode(
            _In_ int _Mode
            );

        _CRT_OBSOLETE(Beep)
        _DCRTIMP void __cdecl _beep(
            _In_ unsigned _Frequency,
            _In_ unsigned _Duration
            );

        _CRT_OBSOLETE(Sleep)
        _DCRTIMP void __cdecl _sleep(
            _In_ unsigned long _Duration
            );

    #endif // _CRT_FUNCTIONS_REQUIRED

#endif // _CRT_USE_WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP



//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
// Non-ANSI Names for Compatibility
//
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
#if _CRT_INTERNAL_NONSTDC_NAMES

    #ifndef __cplusplus
        #define max(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
        #define min(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
    #endif

    #define sys_errlist _sys_errlist
    #define sys_nerr    _sys_nerr

    #pragma warning(push)
    #pragma warning(disable: 4141) // Using deprecated twice

    _Check_return_ _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_ecvt) _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_ecvt_s)
    _ACRTIMP char* __cdecl ecvt(
        _In_  double _Value,
        _In_  int    _DigitCount,
        _Out_ int*   _PtDec,
        _Out_ int*   _PtSign
        );

    _Check_return_ _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_fcvt) _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_fcvt_s)
    _ACRTIMP char* __cdecl fcvt(
        _In_  double _Value,
        _In_  int    _FractionalDigitCount,
        _Out_ int*   _PtDec,
        _Out_ int*   _PtSign
        );

    _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_gcvt) _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_fcvt_s)
    _ACRTIMP char* __cdecl gcvt(
        _In_                   double _Value,
        _In_                   int    _DigitCount,
        _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char*  _DstBuf
        );

    _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_itoa) _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_itoa_s)
    _ACRTIMP char* __cdecl itoa(
        _In_                   int   _Value,
        _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char* _Buffer,
        _In_                   int   _Radix
        );

    _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_ltoa) _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_ltoa_s)
    _ACRTIMP char* __cdecl ltoa(
        _In_                   long  _Value,
        _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char* _Buffer,
        _In_                   int   _Radix
        );


    _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_swab)
    _ACRTIMP void __cdecl swab(
        _Inout_updates_z_(_SizeInBytes) char* _Buf1,
        _Inout_updates_z_(_SizeInBytes) char* _Buf2,
        _In_                            int   _SizeInBytes
        );

    _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_ultoa) _CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_ultoa_s)
    _ACRTIMP char* __cdecl ultoa(
        _In_                   unsigned long _Value,
        _Pre_notnull_ _Post_z_ char*         _Buffer,
        _In_                   int           _Radix
        );

    #ifdef _CRT_USE_WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP

        #define environ _environ

        _Check_return_ _CRT_NONSTDC_DEPRECATE(_putenv)
        _DCRTIMP int __cdecl putenv(
            _In_z_ char const* _EnvString
            );

    #endif // _CRT_USE_WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP

    #pragma warning(pop)

    onexit_t __cdecl onexit(_In_opt_ onexit_t _Func);

#endif // _CRT_INTERNAL_NONSTDC_NAMES



_CRT_END_C_HEADER